Resources

More Information, On- and Off-line

We have benefited from a great many resources in learning about our family and the times in which it has lived. We can't begin to acknowledge everything we have made use of, but perhaps you will find this list helpful as a starting place for your own research.

If you have done any genealogical work on the internet, you have probably already assembled your own impressive collection of favorite links. There is no point in trying to re-invent the wheel here...well, not all of it, at least. We can't help but throw in our own 2 cents.

Don't overlook the Books and Articles, listed last but definitely not least.

General Genealogy

Ancestry.com: This is a commercial site. You must pay for a subscription to this site.
A Library Edition, with access to most, but not all, of the same information, is often available for free at public and academic libraries.
Cyndi's List of Genealogical Sites: This is an extensive list of internet links. Make sure you have food and water within reach if you plan to explore this resource. Or, take these short cuts: Germany Illinois Missouri
FamilySearch.org - Family History and Genealogy Records: This site is owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (commonly known as the Mormons), who have long had an interest in genealogy. Some of the data here should be used with caution. Source citations are often missing and some of the information has been submitted by researchers who might not have worked to the high standards you uphold.
Genealogy.com: This is a commercial site. You must pay for a subscription in order to access most of the genealogical data here, although a fair number of articles and other general information about genealogy is available for free at the Learning Center.
National Genealogical Society
RootsWeb.com: The oldest and largest site devoted to the free distribution of genealogical information.
WorldGenWeb Project: "The WorldGenWeb Project is a non-profit, volunteer based organization dedicated to providing genealogical and historical records and resources for world-wide access!"

Europe

Baden-Württemberg GenWeb
Bayern-Bavaria GenWeb
FEEFHS - Federation of East European Family History Societies
Genealogy.net in German in English: Resources for genealogists conducting research in German-speaking areas of Europe.
Germany GenWeb Project
Heimatbund für das Oldenburger Münsterland
HIS-Data: Aktuelle und historische westeuropäische Territorien mit ihren Verwaltungsgliederungen.: Historical geo-political information about places in Germany compiled by Hans-Walter Pries.
Kleinern (Waldeck): Kleinern was the ancestral home of the Jungermann family
Internetportal "Westfälische Geschichte"
Ladbergen Genealogy Database: Bill Roege's transcription of the church records from Ladbergen, Germany available as a GEDCOM file. This web site, at AOL's Hometown, was permanently shut down in October 2008 and I have not found it's new "home."
Ladbergen (Nordrhein-Westfalen). The village's official web site
Ladbergen - encyclopedia article: Ladbergen in the German language version of Wikipedia
Naturwissenschaftlicher und Historischer Verein für das Land Lippe e.V.: Genealogical research in Lippe.
Niedersachsen GenWeb (in English)
Nordrhein-Westfalen GenWeb: Navigation is a bit of a challenge, but this site has much information connected with the present-day state of Nordrhein-Westfalen (North Rhine-Westphalia) in Germany. Note that most of the political boundaries used at this site are post World War II and may not accurately reflect the state of affairs at the time your ancestors lived there.

North America

U.S. Biographies Project

Illinois	Indiana	Iowa	Kansas
Michigan	Minnesota	Missouri	Nebraska
Ohio	Oklahoma	Oregon	Wisconsin

USGenWeb Project

This organization is run by a group of volunteers "working to provide free genealogy websites for genealogical research in every county and every state of the United States. This Project is non-commercial and fully committed to free genealogy access for everyone." At this site you will find general information and links to all of the sites connected with the USGenWeb Project. Check it out.

Illinois	Indiana	Iowa	Kansas
Michigan	Minnesota	Missouri	Nebraska
Ohio	Oklahoma	Oregon	Wisconsin

Missouri

Immanuel/Immanuels United Church of Christ at Holstein, Warren County, Missouri. Jane (Lichte) Denny's web site with photos of Immanuels United Church of Christ (founded in 1839 as the German Lutheran Church on Charrette); the three church cemeteries; and selected gravestones.
Missouri Genealogy Trails
St. Charles County, Missouri GenWeb project
St. John's Church - History
- A brief history of the church at Cappeln, St. Charles County, Missouri
St. Paul's Cemetery Association
- A project to make available online the cemetery records and photos of the gravestones at historic St. Paul's Church at Bay, Gasconade County, Missouri
Warren County, Missouri GenWeb project

Kansas

Bellemont Cemetery, Wathena, Doniphan County, Kansas. This is part of the Cousin Collector - Cemetery Project

Ohio

Marriage / Birth / Death Record & Obituary Database for Auglaize County, Ohio

South America

Brazil GenWeb - Genealogia no Brasil
CAPEF: Centro de Apoio a Pesquisas e Encontros Familiares (Brasil): The Center of Support to Researches and Family Encounters is located in Teutônia, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. The web site is largely in Portuguese, but there are some pages in English. CAPEF has information about the family of Ernesto Frederico Guilherme Fiegenbaum and his wife Sophia Berlemann, who emigrated from Germany to Brazil in 1869. See a photo and brief genealogical facts here.
German migration to Brazil

Migration

Amerikanetz: Network for Westphalian Emigration to America since the 19th Century: The introductory page here is in English; the rest of the site is in German.
Auswanderung Lippe-USA: A database and reports on emigration from Lippe (often called Lippe-Detmold) based on the research of the Naturwissenschaftlicher und Historischer Verein für das Land Lippe e.V. Upper level pages are in German and English; data is in German only.
Emslanders to the American Mid-West: This well-organized site concentrates on Emsland, a portion of Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony). It also has good general information on emigration from Germany.
The Immigration Story of Ernst Bohning, 1843: The Bohning family of Barkhausen, Kingdom of Hanover, departed from Bremen and landed in Baltimore, Maryland, before settling in Cleveland, Ohio. Ernst Bohning was 10 years old at the time. Some many years later, he wrote down his recollections of the family's journey.
This diary used to be available on the internet, but has now disappeared. If anyone has information about its whereabouts, please drop me a line.
Emigrants from Kreis Meschede and Kreis Olpe (Westfalen) to the USA: Information about emigration from later in the 19th century, including some letters.
Emigration from Oldenburg, 1830-1880: An article available in both German and English: Ostendorf, Johannes. "A History of Emigration from old Amt Damme (Oldenburg), in Particular to North America, in the Years 1830-1880," Oldenburger Jahrbuch des Landesvereins für Geschichte und Heimatkunde, 46/47 (1942-1943), pages 164-297.
Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild (ITSG)
Immigration Diary of Friedrich Nohl, 1849
The Immigration Diary of Michael Friedrich Radke, 1848: Michael Friedrich Radke's memoir of the conditions of his life near Berlin, his desire for more favorable circumstances for himself and his family, their sea voyage from Bremen to Baltimore and the struggle to find a fruitful home in the USA is a compelling, but too-short document.
TheShipsList: Passengers, Ships, Shipwrecks: This site is a little dis-organized, but among all these links is some very helpful information (some of it off-site). Don't give up too soon.

Libraries, Archives, and Databases

Bureau of Land Management / General Land Office Records

"We provide live access to Federal land conveyance records for the Public Land States.... This site offers researchers a source of information on the initial transfer of land titles from the Federal government to individuals."

Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System (CWSS)

The National Park Service is in the process of assembling electronic databases of records of veterans of the Civil War. It includes records for Civil War Prisons.

Historical United States Census Data Browser

With this interactive database at the University of Virgina Library, you can analyze national census data from 1790 to 1970, by state, county, race, age, sex and occupation. If you want to know how many free white males aged 30-39 living in Warren County, Missouri where engaged in agriculture in 1840, this is the place to find the answer (1,192 individuals in a county-wide population of 4,253 were engaged in agriculture; 215 were free white males 30-39 and 188 were free white females of the same age).

Illinois State Archives

The State of Illinois is doing a great job putting the resources of the state archives online - births, marriages, deaths, military records, land sales, etc. You will find this site easy to navigate and searching is very straight-forward, with clear instructions close at hand. Material is being added on a regular basis; check back from time to time.

Illinois State Library

Midwest Genealogy Center at 3440 S. Lee's Summit Road, Independence, Missouri., part of the Mid-Continent Public Library (MCPL) system.

Part of the Mid-Continent Public Library (MCPL) system, this facility is devoted to local and state history and genealogy. Among other resources at your disposal are the National Archives' microfilm series on the federal census for Missouri, Civil War military records, and immigration and ships passenger lists indices. The web site will give you access to catalogues of the library's holdings, some of which are available through inter-library loan. There is a nice list of links of interest to genealogists and historians. The library and the web site are well worth a visit.

Missouri State Archives

You should definitely check out the Online Resources and Databases available at the Missouri State Archives web site. The Office of the Secretary of State for Missouri is making an effort to place sections of the State Archives online. You will find a wealth of information here. Many of these projects are on-going; you should check back regularly to monitor the progress. Some things to try:

Missouri State Library

NARA - U.S. National Archives and Records Administration

This agency is the nation's attic, basement and back closet when it comes to saving paperwork. Be sure to check out the section on Genealogy. The agency's holdings are not on-line at this site, but you will find helpful articles about what is available elsewhere and advice about how to focus your research.

National Personnel Records Center (NPRC)

The National Archives and Records Administration maintains two personnel records centers, both located in St. Louis, Missouri. The Military Personnel Records (MPR) facility houses the service and medical records for discharged and deceased military personnel who served in the 20th century. Records for federal civilian employees (1900-present) are maintained at the Civilian Record Facility. To obtain military records for service before World War I, contact the National Archives and Records Administration in Washington, DC.

Social Security Death Index at: RootsWeb. Genealogy.com.

Each web site handles the search differently. Be sure to read the explanations about which Social Security numbers are included and which are not included in the database.

St. Charles City-County Library District - Local History and Genealogy

Serving St. Charles County, Missouri. You'll find a useful list of links here. Be sure to visit the Digital Image Gallery

University of Missouri Digital Library

Western Historical Manuscript Collection

A collection of primary source material at the University of Missouri.

Western States Marriage Record Index

This is an online database created and maintained by the McKay Library, Family History Center at BYU-Idaho

Wisconsin Local History and Biography Articles Collection

Museums & Historical Sites

Genealogical and Historical Societies

California

California Historical Society

Illinois

Iowa

State Historical Society of Iowa

Kansas

Kansas State Historical Society

Minnesota

Minnesota Historical Society

Missouri

Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony) Germany

Ohio

Westfalen (Westphalia) Germany

Westfälische Gesellschaft für Genealogie und Familienforschung e.V.

Maps and Photos

American Memory: A project of the U. S. Library of Congress, this is a gateway to a public digital collection of primary source material from the nation's history.
Center for Applied Research and Environmental Systems (CARES): This site at the University of Missouri, Columbia is an excellent source for GIS data and interactive maps of the state of Missouri. Configure a map to fit your needs and download it.
Baden-Württemberg GenWeb: There are two pages indexing the maps on this site. Page One shows thumbnail images of a number of historical maps for the German speaking areas of Europe, from Roman times to after WW II. Page Two gives a number of thumbnail images of the Duchy of Baden, the Kingdom of Württemberg, and of Central Europe (from 1648-1866). Clicking on a thumbnail image will open a large, high-quality image of each map (download times may be rather long, depending on the quality of your connection).
Geodatenatlas Kreis Steinfurt: An interactive map of contemporary Kries Steinfurt based on GIS data. Ladbergen is located in this administrative district of Bundesland Nordrhein-Westfalen, BRD.
Geographic Names Information System: Sponsored by the U.S. Department of the Interior and the U.S. Geological Survey. Search for place names and geographic features. I have found the search engine a little suspect; it is not aware of two mountains I can see from my home. Also, I believe that the database does not include information on historical features. There are links to maps.
GOV - the Genealogical Gazeteer: A database of geographical place-names for genealogical research in Germany; a project from the Verein für Computergenealogie. In English and German. Try the ExpertView to see a place's geopolitical setting through history.
Historical Atlas - Germany: Thomas Höckmann provides maps, essays and historical data on the geopolitical development of Germany.
IEG-MAPS: A digital, historical atlas of Europe offered free for personal use by the Institute of European History, Mainz.
Library of Congress - American Memory - Map Collections: An effort by the Geography and Map Division of the Library of Congress to make a portion of its more than 4.5 million items available to the public in digital form.
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency GEOnet Names Server (GNS): "The GEOnet Names Server (GNS) provides access to the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency's (NGA) and the U.S. Board on Geographic Names' (US BGN) database of foreign geographic feature names." Here, the term "foreign" means "non-USA" geographical place names. The database is updated monthly.
National Atlas of Canada: Search, view and download maps of Canada.
Perry-Castañeda Historical Map Collection: A large collection of online maps at the University of Texas.
Tiger Mapping Service: Notice on this web site as of 26 June 2011:
"As of late May 2010, the TIGER Map Service will no longer be available. This application used geography from the 1990 Census. The Census Bureau determined that it was time to retire the service."
"We are working on new web mapping services which we hope to release in conjuction with the 2010 Census data in early 2011. We are sorry for any inconvenience this change may cause."
Vistors are directed to the site's home page for additional information.
U. S. Gazetteer - U. S. Census Bureau
Philippi, Friedrich. Geschichte Westfalens. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh Verlag, 1926.: A digital copy of this book available from the library of the Universität Bielefeld contains two maps which show territories in the region of Westphalia during 1801, and 1812 (when occupied by the 1^st French Empire).

Software

RootsMagic Genealogy Software: This is a replacement program for the earlier Family Origins software. I am very pleased with its features and have found it indispensable in helping me keep track of our family genealogy. I recommend this product highly.
The Next Generation of Genealogy Sitebuilding: "TNG" is a powerful way to manage and display your genealogy data. All information is stored in MySQL database tables and is dynamically displayed with PHP. This software controls the database section of our web site, but you can certainly use it for your entire web site. Installation and maintenance is within the skill level of most intermediate computer users. Take a look at the many sample sites which use this program.

Miscellaneous

Citing Your Sources

Documenting your genealogical work properly is essential. This article will help you get a handle on this matter:

How to Cite Sources, by John Wylie.

Family Relationships

Have you ever wondered whether that pesky "2nd cousin, twice removed" is a close enough relative that you have to be nice to him at the next family reunion? These resources might help you figure out who should be in the family and who is definitely out.

Handwriting and Printed German Script

Deciphering Old Handwriting in Genealogy

Speak like a native

Plautdietsch - Mennonite Low German Dictionary

This is an on-line, interactive version of Herman Rempel's Kjenn Jie Noch Plautdietsch (1984).

Family Genealogies

Block Home Page: John L. Block has collected much information on the Block family. He has an extensive genealogical database of German emigrants from Hannover and Westphalia to Gasconade and Warren Counties, Missouri.
Familie Broekroelofs: The Broekroelofs family, of the Netherlands (from Radewijk in the municipality of Hardenberg in the province of Overijssel), are related to the Fiegenbaums through the Weitkamp family. This web site (in Dutch) develops the Fiegenbaum-Weitkamp-Broekroelofs genealogy (Stamboom Fiegenbaum) and presents an album of photos from Ladbergen in August 2008 (click on the image to go to a Picasa web album).
Carol Lee (Winter) Comp's Web Site: Carol shares her research on the Winter family and related surnames, of which Fiegenbaum is one.
Fiegenbaum Family Genealogy: Our genealogical database at the WorldConnect Project at RootsWeb.com.
The Freese Family: The descendants of Johan B. J. and Cath. Elizabeth (Kühlmann) Freese.
Miller-Buddemeyer Family Tree: Genealogical research from Chandra A. (Miller) Hoffman.
Klöpfer, Kloepfer, and Kleopfer Genealogy: Research from Robert Douglas Kleopfer, the great-great-grandson of Jacob Kleopfer (1824-1896), who immigrated from Bavaria to the USA in 1842.
Kluckhohn Family in America: "The earliest Kluckhohns (1650 or so) are recorded at the parishes of Lemgo and of Talle, in the Prinicipality of Lippe-Detmold, about 40 km (25 mi) Southwest of Hannover. Between 1848 and 1856 many Kluckhohns and their kin removed from Bavenhausen to Chicago, IL. From there they spread to Cedar Lake, IN, Stitzer, WI, Hancock and Plymouth Counties in Iowa. By 1997 we can be found as far away as Australia and Antarctica." Presented by Robert H Kluckhohn.
Born In Bavenhausen: Kluckhohns Worldwide: Another presentation by Robert H Kluckhohn.
Friedrich Ludwig Meier from Hannover Germany (Niedersachen): Indiana to Kansas: Dwayne Meyer has posted his research on the Meier (or Meyer) family at the RootsWeb WorldConnect Project. From the opening page, search for a name (Fiegenbaum might be one place to start).
Patty Onek's Family Genealogy Site: This site (formerly at <www.osprey.net/~kspatty/> ) has disappeared from the internet. If you know where it now lives, please drop me a line. Older versions have been captured by the Way Back Machine at Internet Archives <http://wayback.archive.org/web/*/http://www.osprey.net/~kspatty/>.
Keeper of the Family: This web site by Susan "Suzi" Marie (Dewsnap) Terrell has photos and personal remembrances of some members of the Sexauer and McDougal families, who are related to the Fiegenbaums through Wilhelmine Christine Elizabeth Fiegenbaum (1853-1943), eldest child of Rev. Friedrich Wilhelm and Louisa (Otto) Fiegenbaum.
Theodor Tempel Family: A site created by John A. Lefman devoted to the family of Theodor Tempel (1879-1959) and Emma Starkebaum (1880-1902).
Note the new URL as of 25 March 2009.
Fritz Lefmann: Another site by John A. Lefman with research on the family of Friedrich "Fritz" Wilhelm Lefmann (1838-1909) and Maria Justina Louisa Kampe (1846-1920).
Wietholter Family -- Ladbergen - New Knoxville: Stan Wietholter, of New Knoxville, Ohio, has traced his Wietholter family history back to his 6th great-grandparents, Jacob Heinrich Wietholter (b.1697) and Christina Kattmann (b.1705), of Ladbergen, Westphalia, Germany.

Books and Articles

Digital Collections

Google Book Search

By filtering your search for "Full view only" you can concentrate on complete texts. These titles are generally in the public domain and a PDF file is available for downloading.

Family History Archive

Complete genealogical and historical texts that are part of the digital collections available online through the Harold B. Lee Library at Brigham Young University.

Historic Missouri Newspaper Project

Illinois Digital Archives

A wide variety of digital resources from the Illinois State Library. This is part of the much larger Digital Illinois web presence, a consortium of libraries in Illinois with digital collections from libraries, historical societies, museums, and other cultural institutions in the state.

IllinoisHarvest

This is an ongoing process to digitize selected books from the print collection of over 11 million volumes at The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The University is a participant in the Open Content Alliance (OCA), a program of the Internet Archive, and many of these title are also available at that web site.

Making of America (MOA)

Started in 1995 by the University of Michigan and Cornell University, the Making of America is a "digital library of primary sources in American social history primarily from the antebellum period through reconstruction."

Making of America at Cornell University
Making of America at the University of Michigan

Missouriana Digital Text Collection

A collection of digital texts in the University of Missouri Libraries Digital Library. The entire collection is very broad in scope, covering the state's history, geology, literature, agriculture and the Civil War in Missouri.

The Text Archive

This section of The Internet Archive web site is an open-access collection of complete digital texts from libraries, museums, educational and research institutions and individual volunteers.

23 January 2012

Selected Bibliography

Aaslestad, Katherine, and Karen Hagemann. "1806 and Its Aftermath: Revisiting the Period of the Napoleonic Wars in German Central European Historiography." Central European History, volume 39, number 4 (December 2006), pages 547-579.

Aaslestad, Katherine. "Paying for War: Experiences of Napoleonic Rule in the Hanseatic Cities." Central European History, volume 39, number 4 (December 2006), pages 641-675.

Aengenvoort, Anne. Migration, Siedlungsbildung, Akkulturation: die Auswanderung Nordwestdeutscher nach Ohio, 1830-1914. Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte; Beihefte Nr. 150. Stuttgart: F. Steiner, 1999.

Aley, Ginette. "Knotted Together Like Roots in the Darkness: Rural Midwestern Women and Region-A Bibliographic Guide." Agricultural History, 77:3 (2003), pages 453-481.

Alumnal Association of Iowa Wesleyan College. Historical Sketch and Alumni Record of Iowa Wesleyan College. Mount Pleasant, Iowa: Alumnal Association of Iowa Wesleyan College, 1917.

Anderson, Joseph Ferguson. Methodist Dictionary: a Brief Work On Methodist Terminology: Prepared in the Interest Of Ministers, Members, and Friends of the Methodist Episcopal Church. New York: Eaton and Mains, 1909.

Anderson, Robin L. "A Government-Directed Frontier in the Humid Tropics: Pará, Brazil, 1870-1920." Agricultural History, 55:4 (October 1981), pages 392-406.

Anderson, Timothy Gene. Immigrants in the World-system: Domestic industry and industrialization in northwest Germany and the migration to Osage County, Missouri, 1835-1900. Ph.D. dissertation. Texas A & M University, 1994. Digital xerographic reprint. Ann Arbor, Michigan: UMI, 2004.

Anderson, Timothy Gene. "Proto-Industrialization, Sharecropping, and Outmigration in Nineteenth-Century Rural Westphalia." Journal of Peasant Studies, vol. 29, no. 1 (Oct. 2001), pages 1-30.

Andrews, Lorenzo F. Pioneers of Polk County, Iowa And Reminiscences of Early Days. 2 volumes. Des Moines: Baker-Trisler Company, 1908.

Atack, Jeremy. "Tenants and Yeomen in the Nineteenth Century." Agricultural History, Vol. 62, No. 3, Quantitative Studies in Agrarian History (Summer, 1988), pages 6-32.

Atack, Jeremy, Erik F. Haites, James Mak, and Gary M. Walton. "The Profitability of Steamboating on Western Rivers: 1850." Business History Review, volume 49, number 3 (Autumn, 1975); pages 346-354.

Atlas of Lafayette County, Missouri. Rockford, Illinois: W. W. Hixson & Company, [1920?].

Bailyn, Bernard, editor. Dislocation and Emigration: the Social Background of American Immigration. Perspectives in American History, 7. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 1973.
see: Wolfgang Köllman and Peter Marschalk, "German Emigration to the United States."

Baines, Dudley. "European Emigration, 1815-1930: Looking at the Emigration Decision Again." Economic History Review, New Series, 47:3 (August 1994), pages 525-544.

Baltzer, Friedrich. Alma Mater; Story of College Life Written in Commemoration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of Elmhurst College at Elmhurst, Illinois. St. Louis, Missouri: Eden Publishing House, 1921.

Bates, William Henry. Souvenir of Early and Notable Events in the History of the North West Territory, Illinois, and Tazewell County, Including the Names of Those Who Have Served the County in Various Official Capacities. Pekin, Illinois: W. H. Bates, 1916.

Baxter, Angus. In Search of Your German Roots. A Complete Guide to Tracing Your Ancestors in the Germanic Areas of Europe. 3rd edition. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1994.

Beggs, S. R. Pages from the Early History of the West and North-west: Embracing Reminiscences and Incidents of Settlement and Growth, and Sketches of the Material and Religious Progress of the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri: with Especial Reference to the History of Methodism. Cincinnati: Printed at the Methodist Book Concern, R. P. Thompson, printer, 1868.

Bek, William G. The German Settlement Society of Philadelphia and its colony, Hermann, Missouri. Philadelphia: Americana Germanica Press, 1907.

Bergerson, Andrew Stuart. Ordinary Germans in Extraordinary Times: the Nazis Revolution in Hildesheim. Boomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2004.

Berkner, Lutz K. "Inheritance, Land Tenure and Peasant Family Structure: a German Regional Comparison." In Jack Goody, Joan Thirsk, and E. P. Thompson, editors, Family and Inheritance: Rural Society in Western Europe, 1200-1800 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976).

Betts, Philip J. F. "Marriage Alliances, Household Composition and the Role of Kinship in Nineteenth-Century Farming." Local Population Studies, 66 (Spring 2001), pages 34-52.

Billigmeier, Robert Henry. Americans from Germany: a Study in Cultural Diversity. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1974.

A Biographical and Genealogical History of Southeastern Nebraska. 2 volumes. Chicago: Lewis Publishing Company, 1904.

Biographical and Historical Memoirs of Adams, Clay, Hall and Hamilton Counties, Nebraska, Comprising a Condensed History of the State, a Number of Biographies of Distinguished Citizens of the Same, a Brief Descriptive History of Each of the Counties Mentioned, and Numerous Biographical Sketches of the Citizens of such Counties.... Chicago: Goodspeed Publishing Company, 1890.

Biographical History Of Crawford, Ida And Sac Counties, Iowa: Containing Portraits Of All the Presidents of the United States, With Accompanying Biographies, a Condensed History of Iowa, With Portraits and Biographies of the Governors of the State, Engravings of Prominent Citizens of the Counties, With Personal Histories of Many of the Early Settlers and Leading Families. Chicago: Lewis Publishing Company, 1893.

Blanning, T. C. W. "The French Revolution and the Modernization of Germany." Central European History, volume 22, number 2 (June 1989), pages 109-129.

Blanning, T. C. W. The French Revolution in Germany: Occupation and Resistance in the Rhineland 1792-1802. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1983.

Bode, Henry. Builders of our Foundation. Webster Groves, Missouri: privately printed, 1940.

Bogue, Allan. From Prairie to Corn Belt: Farming on the Illinois and Iowa Frontier in the Nineteenth Century. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1963.

Boone-Duden Historical Society. 1993 Cemetery Update for Femme Osage Township in St. Charles County, MO. New Melle, Missouri: Boone-Duden Historical Society, 1995.

Boone-Duden Historical Society. 45 Warren County, Missouri Cemeteries. Volume 1. New Melle, Missouri: Boone-Duden Historical Society, 1995.

Bosse, George von. Das Deutsche Element in den Vereinigten Staaten Unter Besonderer Berücksichtigung Seines Politischen, Ethischen, Sozialen Und Erzieherischen Einflusses. Stuttgart: Chr. Belsersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1908.

Brady, Dorothy S. "Relative Prices in the Nineteenth Century." Journal of Economic History, volume 24, number 2 (June, 1964); pages 145-203.

Breihan, B. C., A. A. Leifeste, C. F. Schüssler, Wm. Mahowski, and Wilhelm Buehrer. Kurze Geschichte der Südlich-Deutschen Konferenz zum 50jährigen Jubiläum, 1872-1922. Jubiläums-Ausgabe der Südlich Deutschen Konferenz in Texas und Louisiana. S.l.: s.n., 1922.

Bremer, Bertha G., James M. Kirk, Joe E. Gunnerson. Centennial History of Hamilton County. Aurora, Nebraska: Hamilton County Centennial Association, 1967.

Breuilly, John. The Formation of the First German Nation-State 1800-1871. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1966.

Breuilly, John. "Napoleonic Germany and State-formation," in Collaboration and Resistance in Napoleonic Europe: State-formation in an Age of Upheaval, c. 1800-1815, edited by Michael Rowe (Basingstoke, England; New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), pages 121-152.

Brownstone, David M., and Irene M. Franck. Facts About American Immigration. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 2001.

Bruns, Henrietta Geisberg. Hold Dear, As Always: Jette, a German Immigrant Life in Letters. Adolf E. Schroeder and Carla Schulz-Geisberg, editors. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 1988.

Bryan, William Smith, and Robert Rose. A History of the Pioneer Families of Missouri, with Numerous Sketches, Anecdotes, Adventures, etc., Relating to Early Days in Missouri. Also the Lives of Daniel Boone and the celebrated Indian chief Black Hawk, with Numerous Biographies and Histories of Primitive Institutions. St. Louis, Missouri: Bryan, Brand and Company, 1876.

Burnett, Robyn & Ken Luebbering. German Settlement in Missouri. New Land, Old Ways. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 1996.

Butterfield, Consul Willshire. History of La Crosse County, Wisconsin: Containing an Account of its Settlement, Growth, Development and Resources: an Extensive and Minute Sketch of its Cities, Towns and Villages - Their Improvements, Industries, Manufactories, Churches, Schools and Societies: its War Record, Biographical Sketches, Portraits of Prominent Men and Early Settlers: the whole Preceeded by a History of Wisconsin, Statistics of the State, and an Abstract of its Laws and Constitution and the Constitution of the United States. Chicago: Western Historical Company, 1881.
The German Methodist Church is covered on pages 569-570, where Rev. H. J. [sic] Fiegenbaum and Rev. H. R. Fiegenbaum are mentioned.

Cannon, Brian Q. "Immigrants in American Agriculture." Agricultural History, Vol. 65, No. 1 (Winter, 1991), pages 17-35.

Clark, Charles M. The History of the Thirty-Ninth Regiment Illinois Volunteer Veteran Infantry (Yates Phalanx) in the War of the Rebellion, 1861-1865. Chicago, Illinois: Published under the auspices of the Veteran Association of the Regiment, 1889.

Cohn, Raymond L. "Mortality on Immigrant Voyages to New York, 1836-1853." Journal of Economic History, Vol. 44, no. 2 (June 1984), pages 289-300.

Colton, Joseph Hutchins, and John Calvin Smith. The Western Tourist or Emigrant's Guide Through the States of Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri, and the Territories of Wisconsin and Iowa : Being An Accurate and Concise Description of Each State, Territory, and County : Also, Describing All the Principal Stage Routes, Canals, Railroads, and the Distances Betwen the Towns : Accompanied With A Correct Map, Showing the Township Lines of the United States' Surveys, the Boundaries of Counties, Position of Villages, Etc. New York: J. H. Colton, 1847, c1839.

Combined History of Randolph, Monroe and Perry Counties, Illinois; with Illustrations Descriptive of Their Scenery and Biographical Sketches of Some of Their Prominent Men and Pioneers. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: J. L. McDonough & Company, 1883.

Conard, Howard Louis, editor. Encyclopedia of the History of Missouri: a Compendium of History and Biography for Ready Reference. 6 volumes. New York; Louisville; St. Louis: The Southern History Company, 1901.

Connelly, Owen. Napoleon's Satellite Kingdoms. New York: Free Press, 1965.

Conzen, Kathleen Neils. Immigrant Milwaukee, 1836-1860: Accommodation and Community in a Frontier City. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1976.

Conzen, Kathleen Neils. "Immigrants, Immigrant Neighborhoods, and Ethnic Identity: Historical Issues." Journal of American History, 66:3 (December 1979), pages 603-615.

Conzen, Kathleen Neils. Making Their Own America: Assimilation Theory and the German Peasant Pioneer. Annual Lecture Series, No. 3. Washington, D.C.: German Historical Institute, 1990.

Conzen, Kathleen Neils. "Peasant Pioneers: Generational Succession Among German Farmers in Frontier Minnesota" in Steven Hahn and Jonathan Prude, editors, The Countryside in the Age of Capitalist Transformation: Essays in the Social History of Rural America (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press,1985); pages 259-292.

Cott, Nancy F., Jeanne Boydston, Ann Braude, et al, editors. Root of Bitterness; Documents of the Social History of American Women. 2^nd edition. Boston, Massachusetts: Northeastern University Press, 1996.

Curti, Merle, and Kendall Birr. "The Immigrant and the American Image in Europe, 1860-1914." Mississippi Valley Historical Review 37:2 (Sept. 1950), pages 203-230.

Curtiss-Wedge, Franklyn. The History of Winona County, Minnesota. 2 volumes. Chicago: H. C. Cooper, Jr. & Company, 1913.

Cutright, Melitta J. An Ever-Widening Circle: The Elmhurst College Years. Elmhurst, Illinois: Elmhurst College Press, 1995.

Detjen, David W. The Germans in Missouri, 1900-1918: Prohibition, Neutrality, and Assimilation. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1985.

Dinnerstein, Leonard, and David M. Reimers. Ethnic Americas; a History of Immigration and Assimilation. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1975.

Dixon, J. M., editor. Centennial History of Polk County, Iowa. Des Moines: State Regiser, 1876.

Dobbs, Hugh Jackson. History of Gage County, Nebraska: a Narrative of the Past, with Special Emphasis upon the Pioneer Period of the County's History, its Social, Commercial, Educational, Religious, and Civic Development from the Early Days to the Present Time. Lincoln, Nebraska: Western Publishing and Engraving Company, 1918.

Dollarhide, William. The Census Book: A Genealogist's Guide to Federal Census Facts, Schedules, and Indexes. North Salt Lake, Utah: HeritageQuest/UMI Publishing, 2001.

Domschcke, Bernhard. Twenty Months In Captivity: Memoirs Of A Union Officer In Confederate Prisons. Translation of Zwanzig Monate in Kriegs-Gefangenschaft by Frederic Trautmann. Rutherford, New Jerssy: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1987.

Douglass, Paul F. Story of German Methodism: Biography of an Immigrant Soul. New York: Methodist Book Concern, 1939.

Duden, Gottfried. Report on a Journey to the Western States of North America and a Stay of Several Years Along the Missouri (During the Years 1824, '25, '26, and 1827). James W. Goodrich, editor. Columbia, Missouri: State Historical Society of Missouri and University of Missouri Press, 1980.
NOTE: The introduction gives "exaggerated importance to emigration societies" (Walter D. Kamphoefner)

Dunn, David, Paul N. Crusius, Josias Friedli, et al. A History of the Evangelical and Reformed Church. Philadelphia: Christian Education Press, 1961.

Drury, John. This is Tazewell County, Illinois; An Up-to-date Historical Narrative with County Map and Many Uniquie Aerial Photographs of Cities, Towns, Villages and Farmsteads. American Aerial County History Series, no. 5. Chicago, Illinois: Loree Company, 1954.

Dyer, Frederick H. A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion, Compiled and Arranged from Official Records of the Federal and Confederate Armies, Reports of the Adjutant Generals of the Several States, the Army Registers and Other Reliable Documents and Sources. Des Moines, Iowa: Dyer Publishing Company, 1908.

Elliott, Joseph Peter. A History of Evansville and Vanderburgh County, Indiana. A Complete and Concise Account from the Earliest Times to the Present, Embracing Reminiscences of the Pioneers and Biographical Sketches of the Men Who Have Been Leaders in Commercial and Other Enterprises. Evansville, Indiana: Keller Printing Company, 1897.

Ellis, James Fernando. The Influence of the Environment on the Settlement of Missouri; Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Saint Louis University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. St. Louis, Missouri: Webster Publishing Company, 1929.

Ellsberry, Elizabeth Prather, editor. Marriage records of Audrain County, Missouri, 1836-1879. Chillicothe, Missouri: E. P. Ellsberry, [1960-1969?].

Elmhurst Academy and Junior College. Festschrift zum Goldenen Jubiläum = Souvenir of the Golden Jubilee, 1871-1921; June 5 1921. Elmhurst, Illinois: Elmhurst Academy and Junior College, 1921.

Engelbert Kerckerinck zur Borg, Freiherr von. Beiträge zur Geschichte des Westfälischen Bauernstandes. Edited by Hans-Joachim Behr. Reprint of the 1919 [i.e. 1912] edition, [Berlin: Verlagsbuchhandlung P. Parey]. Münster/Hiltrup: Landwirtschaftsverlag, 1988

Engelsing, Rolf. Bremen als Auswandererhafen, 1683-1880. Bremen: Veröffentlichungen aus dem Staatsarchiv der Freien Hansestadt Bremen, 1961.

Everest, Kate Asaphine. "Early Lutheran Immigration to Wisconsin." Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Science, Arts and Letters, (1888-1889) v.8, 288-298.

Everest, Kate Asaphine. How Wisconsin Came by its Large German Element. Madison, Wisconsin: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1892.

Faust, Alfred Bernhardt. The German Element in the United States. 2 volumes. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1909.
Reprinted in New York, 1969.
NOTE: author's statement that Germans in St. Charles County had settled in 1820s is false (Kamphoefner).

Ferreira, Arthus Filho. História Geral do Rio Grande do Sul, 1503-1964. 3^rd edition. Porto Alegre, Brasil: Editôra Globo, 1965.

Filby, P. William, and Mary K. Meyer, eds. Passenger and Immigration Lists Index. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Publishing Co., 1981- .

Fischbach, Deloris, ed. Our Times: New Knoxville Sesquicentennial, 1836-1986. New Knoxville, Ohio: New Knoxville Historical Society, 1986.

Foley, William E. The Genesis of Missouri: From Wilderness Outpost to Statehood. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 1989.

Forbes, Ian L. D. "German Informal Imperialism in South America Before 1914." The Economic History Review, New Series, Vol. 31, No. 3 (Aug., 1978), pages 384-398.

Ford, J. E. A History of Moniteau County, Missouri. California, Missouri: M. H. Crawford, 1936.

Forster, Walter O. Zion on the Mississippi: the Settlement of the Saxon Lutherans in Missouri, 1839-1841. St. Louis, Missouri: Concordia Publishing House, 1953.

Frank, Emil. Heimatgeschichte aus dem Kreise Tecklenburg. 2. Auflage. Ibbenbüren: Ibbenbürener Vereinsdruckerei, 1900.

Frank, Emil. Sagen und Geschichten aus dem Kreise Tecklenburg. Ibbenbüren: Vereinsdruckerei, 1920.

Franke, F. D., editor. Geschichte von Sheboygan County. Sheboygan, Wisconsin: Franklin Publishing Company, 1898.

Frazier, Ian. Family. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1994.

Frizzell, Robert W. Independent Immigrants: A Settlement of Hanoverian Germans in Western Missouri . Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 2007.

Frizzell, Robert W. "Migration Chains to Illinois: Evidence from German-American Church Records," Journal of American Ethnic History, 7:1 (1987), pages 59-73.

Fulwider, Addison L. History of Stephenson County, Illinois: a Record of its Settlement, Organization, and Three-quarters of a Century of Progress. 2 volumes. Chicago, Illinois: S. J. Clarke Publishing Company, 1910.

Funke, Alfred. Aus Deutsch-Brasilien: Bilder aus dem Leben der Deutschen im Staate Rio Grande do Sul. Leipzig: Druck und Verlag von B. G. Teubner, 1902.

Furtado, Celso. Economic Growth of Brazil: a Survey from Colonial to Modern Times. Translated from the Portuguese by Ricardo W. de Aguiar and Eric Charles Drysdale Berkeley: University of California Press, 1963.

Gabaccia, Donna, editor. Seeking Common Ground: Multidisciplinary Studies Of Immigrant Women in the United States. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1992.

Garlichs, Hermann. Erinnerung an den Ehrwürdigen Hermann Garlichs, Pastor der Deutschen Evangelischen Gemeinde in Brooklyn, L. I.; gest. den 24., bestattet am 27. Juni 1865. New York: H. Ludwig, Buchdrucker, 1865.

Gasconade County Historical Society. Gasconade County Cemetery Survey. [Owensville, Missouri]: Gasconade County Historical Society, 1985.

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(Volume II has the title, Gasconade County, Missouri Family History Book, and has the imprint, Paducah, Kentucky: Turner Publishing Company).

Gates, Paul W. "The Homestead Law in Iowa." Agricultural History, Vol. 38, No. 2 (Apr., 1964), pages 67-78.

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Gerdes, Heinrich. Geschichte des Deutschen Bauernstandes. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1910.

Gerlach, Russel L. Immigrants in the Ozarks: a Study in Ethic Geography. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 1976.

Geschichte von Sheboygan County. Edited by F. D. Franke. Sheboygan, Wisconsin: Franklin Publishing Company, 1898.

Gibbs, Christopher C. The Great Silent Majority: Missouri's Resistance to World War I. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 1988.

Gilbert, Frank M. History of the City of Evansville and Vanderburg County Indiana. 2 volumes. Chicago: Pioneer Publishing Company, 1910.

Gish, Theodore, and Richard Spuler, editors. The Eagle in the New World: German Immigration to Texas and America. College Station, Texas: Published for the Texas Committee for the Humanities by Texas A & M University Press, 1986.

Glazier, Ira, and Luigi De Rosa, editors. Migration Across Time and Nations: Population Mobility in Historical Contexts. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1986.

Golder, Christian, John H. Horst, and John G. Schaal. Geschichte der Zentral Deutschen Konferenz, Einschliesslich der Anfangsgeschichte des Deutschen Methodismus. Cincinnati, Ohio: The Methodist Book Concern, 1907.

Gomes, José Coelho. Empire of Brazil: Commercial and Emigrational Guide to Brazil. Compiled and translated from Official Publications by José Coelho Gomes. Second edition. Washington, D.C.: Gibson Brothers, Printers and Bookbinders, 1886.

Good, James I. History of the Reformed Church in the U. S. in the Nineteenth Century. New York: Board of Publication of the Reformed Church in America, 1911.

"Great Churches of America: II: Evangelical and Reformed, New Knoxville, Ohio." Christian Century (22 February 1950), pages 323-328.

Grebner, Constantin. We Were The Ninth: A History of the Ninth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, April 17, 1861, to June 7, 1864. Translated and edited by Frederic Trautmann. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1987.

Greenberg, David B., editor. Land That Our Fathers Plowed: The Settlement of Our Country as Told by the Pioneers Themselves and Their Contemporaries. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1969.

Gregory, Ralph. The Autobiography of Henry Wellenkamp, 1822-1907. St. Louis, Missouri: Missouri Historical Society, 1963. Reprinted from: Bulletin of the Missouri Historical Society, v. 19, no. 4, pt. 1, July 1969, pages 311-327.

Gross, Stephen. "Handing Down the Farm: Values, Strategies and Outcomes in Inheritance Patterns amoung Rural German Americans." Journal of Family History, 21 (1966), pages 192-217.

Gunlicks, Arthur B. "Administrative Centralization and Decentralization in the Making and Remaking of Modern Germany." Review of Politics, volume 46, number 3 (July 1984), pages 323-345.

Häderle, Irene. Deutsche Kirchliche Frauenvereine in Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1870-1930: Eine Studie über die Bedingungen und Formen der Akkulturation Deutscher Einwanderinnen und Ihrer Töchter in den USA. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1997.

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Hair, James T. Gazetteer of Madison County: Containing Historical and Descriptive Sketches of Alton City, Upper Alton, Edwardsville, Collinsville, Highland, Troy, Monticello, Marine, Bethalto, and Other Towns, Including Some Account of the Resources of the Various Townships: Together With an Exhibit of the Manufacturing Establishments, Newspapers, Banks, Churches, Schools, and Other Institutions of the County: To Which is Added a Directory of the Altons, and a List of the Names, Occupation and Residence Address of the Merchants, Manufacturers and Farmers of the Townships and Villages of the County. Carbondale, Illinois: James T. Hair, 1866.

Haites, Erik F, and James Mak. "Steamboating on the Mississippi, 1810-1860: A Purely Competitive Industry." The Business History Review, Vol. 45, No. 1. (Spring, 1971), pp. 52-78.

Haller, Charles R. Across the Atlantic and Beyond: The Migration of German and Swiss Immigrants to America. Bowie, Maryland: Heritage, 1993.

Handbuch der Historischen Stätten Deutschlands. Volume 3: Nordrhein-Westfalen. 2^nd, revised edition. Stuttgart: Alfred Kröner Verlag, 1970.

Handlin, Oscar. Immigration as a Factor in American History. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1959.

Handlin, Oscar. The Uprooted: The Epic Story of the Great Migrations that Made the American People. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1951.

Hanson, Marcus Lee. The Atlantic Migration, 1607-1860; A History of the Continuing Settlement of the United States. New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1940.

Hareven, Tamara K. editor. Family and Kin in Urban Communities, 1700-1930. New York: New Viewpoints, 1977.

Harrison, Samuel F. History of Hermann, Missouri. Hermann: Historic Hermann, Inc, 1966.

Hartmann, J. Geschichte der Provinz Westfalen. Berlin: Union Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft, 1912.

Hedges, James B. "The Colonization Work of the Northern Pacific Railroad." Mississippi Valley Historical Review, volume 13, number 3 (December 1926), pages 311-342.

Hegi, Ursula. Tearing the Silence: On Being German in America. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997.

Helbich, Wolfgang, and Walter D. Kamphoefner, editors. German-American Immigration and Ethnicity in Comparative Perspective. Madison, Wisconsin: Max-Kade Institute for German-American Studies, University of Wisconsin, 2004.

Henke, E. W., W. H. Rolfing, Friedrich Schaub, L. J. Brenner, and J. F. Hartke. Die Nordwest Deutsche Konferenz der Bischöflichen Methodistenkirche: Geschichtlich, Sachlich und Biographisch Geschildert. Charles City, Iowa: Methodist Episcopal Church, Northwest German Conference, 1913.

Hine, Robert V. Community on the American Frontier: Separate But Not Alone. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1980.

History of Delaware County, Iowa, Containing a History of the County, its Cities, Towns, etc., a Biogaphical Directory of its Citizens, War Record of its Volunteers in the late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, History of the Northwest, History of Iowa, Map of Delaware County, Constitution of the United States, Miscellaneous Matters, etc. Chicago, Illinois: Western Historical Company, 1878.

History of Franklin, Jefferson, Washington, Crawford and Gasconade Counties, Missouri: From the Earliest Time to the Present: Together with Sundry Personal, Business and Professional Sketches and Numerous Family Records: Besides a Valuable Fund of Notes, Original Observations, etc. Chicago, Illinois: Goodspeed Publishing Company, 1888.

History of Hamilton and Clay Counties, Nebraska. Supervising editors George L. Burr and O. O. Buck. Compiled by Dale P. Stough. 2 volumes. Chicago, Illinois: S. J. Clarke Publishing Company, 1921.

History of Henry County, Iowa, Containing a History of the County, Its Cities, Towns, etc., a Biographical Directory of Citizens, War Record of its Volunteers in the Late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, History of the Northwest, History of Iowa, Map of Henry County, Constitution of the United States, Miscellaneous Matters, etc. Chicago, Illinois: Western Historical Company, 1879.

History of Holt and Atchison Counties, Missouri, containing a History of These Counties, Their Cities, Towns, etc., etc., Biographical Sketches of Their Citizens, General and Local Statistics, Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, History of Missouri, Map of Holt and Atchison Counties, etc. St. Joseph, Missouri: National Historical Company, 1882.

History of Howard and Cooper counties, Missouri, Written and Compiled from the Most Authentic Official and Private Sources, Including a History of its Townships, Towns, and Villages; Together With a Condensed History of Missouri, a Reliable and Detailed History 0f Howard and Cooper Counties - Its Pioneer Record, Resources, Biographical Sketches af Prominent Citizens, General and Local Statistics of Great Value, Incidents and Reminiscences. St. Louis, Missouri: National Historical Company, 1883.

History of Iowa County, Iowa, Containing a History of the County, Its Cities, Towns, &c., Biographical Sketches of Its Citizens, War Record of Its Volunteers in the Late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, History of the Northwest, History of Iowa, Map of Iowa County, Constitution of Iowa, Miscellaneaous Matters, &c., &c. Des Moines: Union Historical Company, Birdsall, Williams and Company, 1881.

History of Jo Daviess County, Illinois, Containing a History of the County - Its Cities, Towns, etc., a Biographical Directory of its Citizens, War Record of its Volunteers in the Late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, History fo the Northwest, History of Illinois, Map of Jo Daviess County, Constitution of the United States, Miscellaneaous Matters, etc. Chicago, Illinois: H. F. Kett & Company, 1878.

History of Kossuth, Hancock, and Winnebago Counties, Iowa: Together with Sketches of Their Cities, Villages, and Townships, Educational, Civil, Military, and Political History; Portraits of Prominent Persons, and Biographies of Representative Citizens. History of Iowa, Embracing Accounts of the Prehistoric Races, and a Brief Review of its Civil and Military History. Springfield, Illinois: Union Publishing Company, 1884.

History of Lafayette County, Mo., Carefully Written and Compiled From the Most Authentic Official and Private Sources, Including a History of Its Townships, Cities, Towns And Villages, Together With a Condensed History of Missouri; the Constitution Of The United States, And State of Missouri; a Military Record Of Volunteers In Either Army of the Great Civil War; General and Local Statistics; Miscellany; Reminesciences, Grave, Tragic and Humorous; Biographical Sketches of Prominent Men and Citizens Identified with the Interests of the County. St. Louis, Missouri: Missouri Historical Company, 1881.

History of Lincoln County, Missouri, From the Earliest Time to the Present: Including a Department Devoted to the Preservation of Sundry Personal, Business, Professional and Private Records, Besides a Valuable Fund of Notes, Original Observations, etc., etc. Chicago, Illinois: Goodspeed Publishing, 1888.

History of Madison County, Illinois: Illustrated: with Biographical Sketches of Many Prominent Men and Pioneers. Edwardsville, Illinois: W. R. Brink and Company, 1882.

History of Minier, Illinois. E. J. Graber, editor. Minier, Illinois: Centenial Committees, 1967.

History of Peoria County, Illinois: Containing a History of the Northwest, History of Illinois, History of the County, its Early Settlement, Growth, Development, Resources, etc., etc., a Sketch of its Cities and Towns, Their Improvements, Industries, Manufactories, Churches, Schools, etc., etc., a War Record of its Volunteers in the Late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, Biographical Sketches, Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, Map of Peoria County, Constitution of the United States, Miscellaneous Matters, Tables, etc., etc. Chicago, Illinois: Johnson & Company, 1880.

History of Renville County, Minnesota. Compiled by Franlyn Curtiss-Wedge. 2 volumes. Chicago, Illinois: H. C. Cooper, Jr. & Company, 1916.
NOTE: Rev. F. Wellemeyer, pastor of the Methodist Church at Fairfax, from 1878-1879, is mentioned on page 1285.

History of St. Charles, Montgomery, and Warren counties, Missouri, Written and Compiled From the Most Authentic Official and Private Sources, Including a History Of Their Townships, Towns and Villages, Together With a Condensed History af Missouri; a Reliable and Detailed History of St. Charles, Montgomery and Warren Counties - Their Pioneer Record, Resources, Biographical Sketches of Prominent Citizens; General and Local Statistics of Great Value; Incidents and Reminiscences. St. Louis, Missouri: National Historical Co.,1885.

History of Tazewell County, Illinois; Together With Sketches of its Cities, Villages and Townships, Educational, Religious, Civil, Military, and Political History; Portraits of Prominent Persons and Biographies of Representative Citizens. History of Illinois; Embracing Accounts of the Pre-Historic Races, Aborigines, French, English and American Conquests, and a General Review of its Civil, Political, and Military History. Digest Of State Laws.. Chicago, Illinois: Charles C. Chapman and Company, 1879.

History of Winnebago County and Hancock County, Iowa: A Record of Settlement, Organization, Progress and Achievement. 2 volumes. Chicago, Illinois: Pioneer Publishing Company, 1917.

History Of Winona and Olmsted Counties: Together With Biographical Matter, Statistics, Etc., Gathered From Matter Furnished By Interviews With Old Settlers, County, Township and Other Records, and Extracts From Files Of Papers, Pamphlets, and Such Other Sources As Have Been Available. Chicago: H. H. Hill and Company, 1883.
NOTE: Rev. Wm. Fiegenbaum, pastor of the German Methodist Episcopal Church, 1862-1865 is mentioned on page 476.

History of St. Charles, Montgomery, and Warren Counties, Missouri. St. Louis: National Historical Company,1885.

History Publishing Company. History of Holt County, Missouri From the Time of the Platte Purchase to the End of the year 1916, Preceeded by a Short History of Missouri; Supplemented by Biographical Sketches of Prominent Citizens by the History Publishing Company. St. Joseph, Missouri: Midland Printing Company, [1917?].

Hobart, Chauncey, D.D. History of Methodism in Minnesota. Red Wing, Minnesota: Red Wing Printing Company, 1887.

Hochstadt, Steve. "Migration and Industrialization in Germany, 1815-1977." Social Science History, Vol. 5, no. 4 (Autumn, 1981), pages 445-468.

Hochstadt, Steve. Mobility and Modernity: Migration in Germany, 1820-1989. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999.

Hoerder, Dirk. "The Traffic of Emigration Via Bremen/Bremerhaven: Merchants' Interests, Protective Legislation, and Migrants' Experiences." Journal of American Ethnic History, volume 13, number 1 (Fall 1993); pages 68-101.

Hoerder, Dirk, and Jörg Nagler, editors. People in Transit: German Migrations in Comparative Perspective, 1820-1930. Washington, D.C.: German Historical Institute; Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Hoffert, Sylvia D. "Childbearing on the Trans-Mississippi Frontier, 1830-1900." Western Historical Quarterly, 22:3 (August 1991), pages 272-288.

Horstmann, Julius H., and Herbert H. Wernecke. Through Four Centuries: the Story of the Beginnings of the Evangelical and Reformed Church, in the Old World and the New, from the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Century. St. Louis, Missouri: Eden Publishing House, 1938.

Houck, Louis. A History of Missouri From the Earliest Explorations and Settlements Until the Admission of the State into the Union. 3 volumes. Chicago, Illinois: R. R. Donnelley & Sons, 1908.

Houston, Rab, and K. D. M. Snell. "Proto-Industrialization? Cottage Industry, Social Change, and Industrial Revolution." Historical Journal, 27:2 (June 1984), pages 473-492.

Howell, Martha, & Walter Prevenier. From Reliable Sources; an Introduction to Historical Methods. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2001.

Hudson, John C. "North American Origins of Middlewestern Frontier Populations." Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 78:3 (September 1988), pages 395-413.

Hunsche, Friedrich Ernst. 250 Jahre Landkreis Tecklenburg, 1707-1957. Lengerich (Westfalen): Kleins Druck- und Verlagsanstalt Gmbh., 1957.

Hunsche, Friedrich Ernst. Brochterbeck: Aus der Geschichte eines Dorfes der alten Grafschaft Tecklenburg. Brochterbeck (Westfalen): Gemeinde Brochterbeck in Zusammenarbeit mit der Amtsverwaltung Tecklenburg und dem Heimatverein Brochterbeck, 1969.

Hunt, Herbert, and Floyd C. Kaylor. Washington, West of the Cascades: Historical and Descriptive; the Explorers, the Indians, the Pioneers, the Modern. 3 volumes. Chicago, Seattle, Tacoma: S. J. Clarke Publishing Company, 1917.
A biographical sketch of Charles Herman Fiegenbaum is in volume 2, pages 399-400.

Immanuel Evangelical and Reformed Church. Anniversary Souvenir, 1839-1848: To Commemorate the 100th Anniversary as a Self-supporting Church and the 109th Anniversary of the Founding of Immanuel Evangelical and Reformed Church. Holstein, Missouri: Immanuel Evangelical and Reformed Church, [1948].

Immanuels United Church of Christ. Anniversary Book Committee. The History of Our Church, 1839-1989: One Hundred Fifty Years. Holstein, Missouri: Immanuels United Church of Christ, 1989.

Jacoby, Ludwig Sigismund. Geschichte des Amerikanischen Methodismus. Bremen: Verlag des Traktathauses, 1870.

Jacoby, Ludwig Sigismund. Handbuch des Methodismus, Enthaltend die Geschichte, Lehre, das Kirchenregiment und eigenthümliche Gebraüche desselben. Nach authentischen Quellen bearbeitet. Zweite Auflage. Bremen: Verlag von Joh. Georg Hense, 1855.

Jahn, Adalbert. Wichtige Beiträge zur Einwanderung und Kolonisation in Brasilien. Berlin: Verlag von J. Guttentag, 1874.

James, Preston E. "Expanding Settlements of Southern Brazil." Geographical Review, Vol. 30, No. 4 (Oct., 1940), pages 601-626.

Jefferson, Mark. "Pictures from Southern Brazil." Geographical Review, Vol. 16, No. 4 (Oct., 1926), pages 521-547.

Jeffrey, Julie Roy. Frontier Women: "Civilizing" the West? 1840-1880. Revised edition. New York, New York: Hill and Wang, 1998.

Johnson, Hildegard Binder. "Factors Influencing the Distribution of the German Pioneer Population in Minnesota." Agricultural History, Vol. 19, No. 1 (Jan., 1945), pages 39-57.

Johnson, Hildegard Binder. "A Historical Perspective on Form and Function in Upper Midwest Rural Settlement." Agricultural History, Vol. 48, No. 1, Farming in the Midwest, 1840-1900: A Symposium (Jan., 1974), pages 11-25.

Johnson, Hildegard Binder. "The Location of German Immigrants in the Middle West." Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 41:1 (Mar. 1951), pages 1-41.

Johnson, William Foreman. History of Cooper County Missouri. Topeka, Kansas: Historical Publishing Company, 1919.

Jordan, Terry G. German Seed in Texas Soil: Immigrant Farmers in Nineteenth-Century Texas. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1966.

Joulia, Antoinette. "Ein französischer Verwaltungsbezirk in Deutschland. Das Oberemsdepartement (1810-1813)." Osnabrücker Mitteilungen, 80 (1973), pages 21-102.

Juern, Joan M. Call To the Frontier : Gottfried Duden's 1800's Book Stimulated Immigration to Missouri. Augusta, Missouri: Mallinckrodt Communications Research, 1999.

Kamphoefner, Walter D. "German American Bilingualism: cui malo? Mother Tongue and Socioeconomic Status Among the Second Generation in 1940." International Migration Review, 28:4 Special Issue: The Second Generation, (Winter 1994), pages 846-864.

Kamphoefner, Walter D. The Westfalians: From Germany to Missouri. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1987.

Kamphoefner, Walter D., and Wolfgang Helbich, editors. Germans in the Civil War: the Letters They Wrote Home. Translated by Susan Carter Vogel. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 2006.

Kamphoefner, Walter D., Wolfgang Helbich, & Ulrike Sommer, editors. News From the Land of Freedom: German Immigrants Write Home. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1991.

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Woodruff, Howard W., Mrs., editor. Marriage Records, Ste. Genevieve County, Missouri, Book "A", 1807-1827 & 1842-1866. Kansas City, Missouri: Mrs. Howard W. Woodruff, 1970.

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Available digitally at:
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vol. 1: < http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/u?/mocohist,4893 >
vol. 2: < http://cdm.sos.mo.gov/u?/mocohist,4973 >

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