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General Europe North America South America Migration Libraries & Databases Museums Societies Maps & Photos Software Miscellaneous Genealogies Books & Articles

Resources

More Information, On- and Off-line

We have benefited from a great many resources in learning about our family and the times in which it has lived. We can't begin to acknowledge everything we have made use of, but perhaps you will find this list helpful as a starting place for your own research.

If you have done any genealogical work on the internet, you have probably already assembled your own impressive collection of favorite links. There is no point in trying to re-invent the wheel here...well, not all of it, at least. We can't help but throw in our own 2 cents.

Don't overlook the Books and Articles, listed last but definitely not least.

General Genealogy

Ancestry.com
This is a commercial site. You must pay for a subscription to this site.
A Library Edition, with access to most, but not all, of the same information, is often available for free at public and academic libraries.
Cyndi's List of Genealogical Sites
This is an extensive list of internet links. Make sure you have food and water within reach if you plan to explore this resource. Or, take these short cuts: Germany  Illinois  Missouri
FamilySearch.org - Family History and Genealogy Records
This site is owned by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (commonly known as the Mormons), who have long had an interest in genealogy. Some of the data here should be used with caution. Source citations are often missing and some of the information has been submitted by researchers who might not have worked to the high standards you uphold.
Genealogy.com
This is a commercial site. You must pay for a subscription in order to access most of the genealogical data here, although a fair number of articles and other general information about genealogy is available for free at the Learning Center.
Genealogy Home Page
There are a wide variety of links here. Even access to old software (if you are still running DOS or Windows 3.1).
National Genealogical Society: Genealogy Links
RootsWeb.com
The oldest and largest site devoted to the free distribution of genealogical information.
WorldGenWeb Project
"The WorldGenWeb Project is a non-profit, volunteer based organization dedicated to providing genealogical and historical records and resources for world-wide access!"

Europe

Baden-Württemberg GenWeb
Bayern-Bavaria GenWeb
FEEFHS - Federation of East European Family History Societies
Genealogy.net    in German    in English
Resources for genealogists conducting research in German-speaking areas of Europe.
Germany GenWeb Project
Dorfgeschichte Kleinern (Waldeck)
Some history of Kleinern, home of the Jungermann family
Internetportal "Westfälische Geschichte"
Ladbergen Genealogy Database
Bill Roege's transcription of the church records from Ladbergen, Germany available as a GEDCOM file.
Ladbergen, Germany's official web site
Ladbergen - encyclopedia article
Ladbergen in the German version of Wikipedia
Naturwissenschaftlicher und Historischer Verein für das Land Lippe e.V.
Genealogical research in Lippe.
Niedersachsen GenWeb
Nordrhein-Westfalen GenWeb
Navigation is a bit of a challenge, but this site has much information connected with the present-day state of Nordrhein-Westfalen (North Rhine-Westphalia) in Germany. Note that most of the political boundaries used at this site are post World War II and may not accurately reflect the state of affairs at the time your ancestors lived here.
Prussia GenWeb

North America

U.S. Biographies Project
Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas
Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska
Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Wisconsin
USGenWeb Project
This organization is run by a group of volunteers "working to provide free genealogy websites for genealogical research in every county and every state of the United States. This Project is non-commercial and fully committed to free genealogy access for everyone." At this site you will find general information and links to all of the sites connected with the USGenWeb Project. Check it out.
Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas
Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska
Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Wisconsin
Missouri
Ohio
Categories
General Europe North America South America Migration Libraries & Databases Museums Societies Maps & Photos Software Miscellaneous Genealogies Books & Articles

South America

Brazil GenWeb - Genealogia no Brasil
CAPEF: Centro de Apoio a Pesquisas e Encontros Familiares (Brasil)
The Center of Support to Researches and Family Encounters is located in Teutônia, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. The web site is largely in Portuguese, but there are some pages in English. CAPEF has information about the family of Ernesto Frederico Guilherme Fiegenbaum and his wife Sophia Berlemann, who emigrated from Germany to Brazil in 1869. See a photo and brief genealogical facts here.
German migration to Brazil

Migration

American Emigration from the Southern part of Oldenburg
A lecture by Franz-Josef Tegenkamp at the Oldenburg Genealogical Society, 1997
Amerikanetz: Network for Westphalian Emigration to America since the 19th Century
The introductory page here is in English; the rest of the site is in German.
Auswanderung Lippe-USA
A database and reports on emigration from Lippe (often called Lippe-Detmold) based on the research of the Naturwissenschaftlicher und Historischer Verein für das Land Lippe e.V. Upper level pages are in German and English; data is in German only.
Emslanders to the American Mid-West
This well-organized site concentrates on Emsland, a portion of Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony). It also has good general information on emigration from Germany.
The Immigration Story of Ernst Bohning, 1843
The Bohning family of Barkhausen, Kingdom of Hanover, departed from Bremen and landed in Baltimore, Maryland, before settling in Cleveland, Ohio. Ernst Bohning was 10 years old at the time. Some many years later, he wrote down his recollections of the family's journey.
Emigrants from Kreis Meschede and Kreis Olpe (Westfalen) to the USA
Information about emigration from later in the 19th century, including some letters.
Emigration from Oldenburg, 1830-1880
An article available in both German and English: Ostendorf, Johannes. "A History of Emigration from old Amt Damme (Oldenburg), in Particular to North America, in the Years 1830-1880," Oldenburger Jahrbuch des Landesvereins für Geschichte und Heimatkunde, 46/47 (1942-1943), pages 164-297.
Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild (ITSG)
Immigration Diary of Friedrich Nohl, 1849
The Immigration Diary of Michael Friedrich Radke, 1848
Michael Friedrich Radke's memoir of the conditions of his life near Berlin, his desire for more favorable circumstances for himself and his family, their sea voyage from Bremen to Baltimore and the struggle to find a fruitful home in the USA is a compelling, but too-short document.
TheShipsList: Passengers, Ships, Shipwrecks
This site is a little dis-organized, but among all these links is some very helpful information (some of it off-site). Don't give up too soon.

Libraries, Archives, and Databases

Andersonville Prison Lookup
Search the on-line database of Civil War prisoners held at Andersonville, Georgia.
Bureau of Land Management / General Land Office Records
"We provide live access to Federal land conveyance records for the Public Land States.... This site offers researchers a source of information on the initial transfer of land titles from the Federal government to individuals."
Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System (CWSS)
The National Park Service is in the process of assembling electronic databases of records of veterans of the Civil War.
Historical United States Census Data Browser
With this interactive database, you can analyze national census data from 1790 to 1970, by state, county, race, age, sex and occupation. If you want to know how many free white males aged 30-39 living in Warren County, Missouri where engaged in agriculture in 1840, this is the place to find the answer (1,192 individuals in a county-wide population of 4,253 engaged in agriculture; 215 were free white males 30-39 and 188 were free white females of the same age).
Illinois State Archives
The State of Illinois is doing a great job putting the resources of the state archives online - births, marriages, deaths, military records, land sales, etc. You will find this site easy to navigate and searching is very straight-forward, with clear instructions close at hand. Material is being added on a regular basis; check back from time to time.
Illinois State Library
Mid-Continent Public Library
The metropolitan Kansas City library system has a branch located in Independence, Missouri that is devoted to local and state history and genealogy. Among other resources at your disposal are the National Archives' microfilm series on the federal census for Missouri, Civil War military records, and immigration and ships passenger lists indices. The web site will give you access to catalogues of the library's holdings, some of which are available through inter-library loan. There is a nice list of links of interest to genealogists and historians. The library and the web site are well worth a visit.
Missouri State Archives
You should definitely check out the Online Resources and Databases available at the Missouri State Archives web site. The Office of the Secretary of State for Missouri is making an effort to place sections of the State Archives online. You will find a wealth of information here. Many of these projects are on-going; you should check back regularly to monitor the progress. Some things to try:
Missouri State Library
NARA - U.S. National Archives and Records Administration
This agency is the nation's attic, basement and back closet when it comes to saving paperwork. Be sure to check out the section on Genealogy. The agency's holdings are not on-line at this site, but you will find helpful articles about what is available elsewhere and advice about how to focus your research.
National Personnel Records Center (NPRC)
The National Archives and Records Administration maintains two personnel records centers, both located in St. Louis, Missouri. The Military Personnel Records (MPR) facility houses the service and medical records for discharged and deceased military personnel who served in the 20th century. Records for federal civilian employees (1900-present) are maintained at the Civilian Record Facility. To obtain military records for service before World War I, contact the ational Archives and Records Administration in Washington, DC.
Social Security Death Index at: RootsWeb. Family Tree Maker.
Each web site handles the search differently. Be sure to read the explanations about which Social Security numbers are included and which are not included in the database.
St. Charles City-County Library District - Local History Collection
Serving St. Charles County, Missouri. You'll find a useful list of links here. Be sure to visit the Digital Library Collection
University of Missouri Digital Library
Western Historical Manuscript Collection
A collection of primary source material at the University of Missouri.
Western States Marriage Record Index
This is an online database created and maintained by the McKay Library, Family History Center at BYU-Idaho
Wisconsin Local History and Biography Articles Collection

Museums & Historical Sites

Categories
General Europe North America South America Migration Libraries & Databases Museums Societies Maps & Photos Software Miscellaneous Genealogies Books & Articles

Genealogical and Historical Societies

California
Illinois
Iowa
Kansas
Minnesota
Missouri
Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony) Germany
Ohio
Westfalen (Westphalia) Germany

Maps and Photos

American Memory
A project of the U. S. Library of Congress, this is a gateway to a public digital collection of primary source material from the nation's history.
Center for Agricultural, Resource and Environmental Systems (CARES)
This site at the University of Missouri, Columbia is an excellent source for GIS data and interactive maps of the state of Missouri. Configure a map to fit your needs and download it.
Baden-Württemberg GenWeb
There are two pages indexing the maps on this site. Page One shows thumbnail images of a number of historical maps for the German speaking areas of Europe, from Roman times to after WW II. Page Two gives a number of thumbnail images of the Duchy of Baden, the Kingdom of Württemberg, and of Central Europe (from 1648-1866). Clicking on a thumbnail image will open a large, high-quality image of each map (download times may be rather long, depending on the quality of your connection).
Geodatenatlas Kreis Steinfurt
An interactive map of contemporary Kries Steinfurt based on GIS data. Ladbergen is located in this administrative district of Bundesland Nordrhein-Westfalen, BRD.
Geographic Names Information System
Sponsored by the U.S. Department of the Interior and the U.S. Geological Survey. Search for place names and geographic features. I have found the search engine a little suspect; it is not aware of two mountains I can see from my home. Also, I believe that the database does not include information on historical features. There are links to maps.
GOV - the Genealogical Gazeteer
A database of geographical place-names for genealogical research in Germany; a project from the Verein für Computergenealogie. In English and German. Try the ExpertView to see a place's geopolitical setting through history.
Historical Atlas - Germany
Thomas Höckmann provides maps, essays and historical data on the geopolitical development of Germany.
IEG-MAPS
A digital, historical atlas of Europe offered free for personal use by the Institute of European History, Mainz.
Library of Congress-American Memory-Map Collections
An effort by the Geography and Map Division of the Library of Congress to make a portion of its more than 4.5 million items available to the public in digital form.
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency GEOnet Names Server (GNS)
"The GEOnet Names Server (GNS) provides access to the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency's (NGA) and the U.S. Board on Geographic Names' (US BGN) database of foreign geographic feature names." Here, the term "foreign" means "non-USA" geographical place names. The database is updated monthly.
National Atlas of Canada
Search, view and download maps of Canada.
Perry-Castañeda Historical Map Collection
A large collection of online maps at the University of Texas.
Tiger Mapping Service
Maintained by the US Census Bureau, this site will allow you to search for locations in the USA based on the 1990 US census and return maps of the successful queries.
U. S. Gazetteer - U. S. Census Bureau
Categories
General Europe North America South America Migration Libraries & Databases Museums Societies Maps & Photos Software Miscellaneous Genealogies Books & Articles

Software

RootsMagic Genealogy Software
This is a replacement program for the earlier Family Origins software. I am very pleased with it features and have found it indispensable in helping me keep track of our family genealogy. I recommend this product highly.
The Next Generation of Genealogy Sitebuilding
"TNG" is a powerful way to manage and display your genealogy data. All information is stored in MySQL database tables and is dynamically displayed with PHP. This software controls the database section of our web site, but you can certainly use it for your entire web site. Installation and maintenance is within the skill level of most intermediate computer users. Take a look at the many sample sites using this program.

Miscellaneous

Citing Your Sources
Documenting your genealogical work properly is essential. This article will help you get a handle on this matter:
Family Relationships
Have you ever wondered whether that pesky "2nd cousin, twice removed" is a close enough relative that you have to be nice to him at the next family reunion? These resources might help you figure out who should be in the family and who is definitely out.
Handwriting and Printed German Script
Speak like a native
Plautdietsch - Mennonite Low German Dictionary
  • This is an on-line, interactive version of Herman Rempel's Kjenn Jie Noch Plautdietsch (1984)..

Family Genealogies

Block Home Page
John L. Block has collected much information on the Block family. He has an extensive genealogical database of German emigrants from Hannover and Westphalia to Gasconade and Warren Counties, Missouri.
Dr. Richard Cochran's Web Site
Dr. Cochran's interests are not limited to genealogy, but, on the opening page, if click on the ANCESTRAL LINEAGES link he will give you a glimpse of the Aufderhaar family history.
Carol Lee (Winter) Comp's Web Site
Carol shares her research on the Winter family and related surnames, of which Fiegenbaum is one.
Fiegenbaum Family Genealogy
Our genealogical database at the WorldConnect Project at RootsWeb.com
The Freese Family
Miller-Buddemeyer Family Tree
Genealogical research from Chandra A. (Miller) Hoffman.
Descendants of Jacob J. Kleopfer of Kansas
Kluckhohn Family in America
Born In Bavenhausen: Kluckhohns Worldwide
Dwayne Meyer
Mr. Meyer has posted his research on the Meier (or Meyer) family at the RootsWeb WorldConnect Project. From the opening page, search for a name (Fiegenbaum might be one place to start).
Patty Onek's Family Genealogy Site
This site (formerly at <www.osprey.net/~kspatty/> ) has disappeared from the internet. If you know where it now lives, please drop me a line.
Welcome to the Family of Tom and Delphia Phelan
This web site by Susan "Suzi" Marie (Dewsnap) Terrell has photos and personal remembrances of some members of the Sexauer and McDougall families.
Theodor Tempel Family
A site created by John A. Lefman devoted to the family of Theodor Tempel (1879-1959) and Emma Starkebaum (1880-1902).
Note the new URL as of 25 March 2009.
Fritz Lefmann
Another site by John A. Lefman with research on the family of Friedrich "Fritz" Wilhelm Lefmann (1838-1909) and Maria Justina Louisa Kampe (1846-1920).
Wietholter Family -- Ladbergen - New Knoxville
Categories
General Europe North America South America Migration Libraries & Databases Museums Societies Maps & Photos Software Miscellaneous Genealogies Books & Articles

Books and Articles

Digital Collections

Google Book Search
By filtering your search for "Full view only" you can concentrate on complete texts. These titles are generally in the public domain and a PDF file is available for downloading.
Family History Archive
Complete genealogical and historical texts that are part of the digital collections available online through the Harold B. Lee Library at Brigham Young University.
Historic Missouri Newspaper Project
Illinois Digital Archives
A wide variety of digital resources from the Illinois State Library. This is part of the much larger Digital Illinois web presence, a consortium of libraries in Illinois with digital collections from libraries, historical societies, museums, and other cultural institutions in the state.
IllinoisHarvest
This is an ongoing process to digitize selected books from the print collection of over 11 million volumes at The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The University is a participant in the Open Content Alliance (OCA), a program of the Internet Archive, and many of these title are also available at that web site.
Making of America (MOA)
Started in 1995 by the University of Michigan and Cornell University, the Making of America is a "digital library of primary sources in American social history primarily from the antebellum period through reconstruction."
Missouriana Digital Text Collection
A collection of digital texts in the University of Missouri Libraries Digital Library. The entire collection is very broad in scope, covering the state's history, geology, literature, agriculture and the Civil War in Missouri.
The Text Archive
This section of The Internet Archive web site is an open-access collection of complete digital texts from libraries, museums, educational and research institutions and individual volunteers.

Selected Bibliography

Aengenvoort, Anne. Migration, Siedlungsbildung, Akkulturation: die Auswanderung Nordwestdeutscher nach Ohio, 1830-1914. Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte; Beihefte Nr. 150. Stuttgart: F. Steiner, 1999.

Aley, Ginette. "Knotted Together Like Roots in the Darkness: Rural Midwestern Women and Region-A Bibliographic Guide." Agricultural History, 77:3 (2003), pages 453-481.

Alumnal Association of Iowa Wesleyan College. Historical Sketch and Alumni Record of Iowa Wesleyan College. Mount Pleasant, Iowa: Alumnal Association of Iowa Wesleyan College, 1917.

Anderson, Robin L. "A Government-Directed Frontier in the Humid Tropics: Pará, Brazil, 1870-1920." Agricultural History, 55:4 (October 1981), pages 392-406.

Anderson, Timothy Gene. Immigrants in the World-system: Domestic industry and industrialization in northwest Germany and the migration to Osage County, Missouri, 1835-1900. Ph.D. dissertation. Texas A & M University, 1994. Digital xerographic reprint. Ann Arbor, Michigan: UMI, 2004.

Anderson, Timothy Gene. "Proto-Industrialization, Sharecropping, and Outmigration in Nineteenth-Century Rural Westphalia." Journal of Peasant Studies, vol. 29, no. 1 (Oct. 2001), pages 1-30.

Andrews, Lorenzo F. Pioneers of Polk County, Iowa And Reminiscences of Early Days. 2 volumes. Des Moines: Baker-Trisler Company, 1908.

Baines, Dudley. "European Emigration, 1815-1930: Looking at the Emigration Decision Again." Economic History Review, New Series, 47:3 (August 1994), pages 525-544.

Baxter, Angus. In Search of Your German Roots. A Complete Guide to Tracing Your Ancestors in the Germanic Areas of Europe. 3rd edition. Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1994.

Beggs, S. R. Pages from the Early History of the West and North-west: Embracing Reminiscences and Incidents of Settlement and Growth, and Sketches of the Material and Religious Progress of the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri: with Especial Reference to the History of Methodism. Cincinnati: Printed at the Methodist Book Concern, R. P. Thompson, printer, 1868.

Bek, William G. The German Settlement Society of Philadelphia and its colony, Hermann, Missouri. Philadelphia: Americana Germanica Press, 1907.

Berkner, Lutz K. "Inheritance, Land Tenure and Peasant Family Structure: a German Regional Comparison." In Jack Goody, Joan Thirsk, and E. P. Thompson, editors, Family and Inheritance: Rural Society in Western Europe, 1200-1800 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976).

Betts, Philip J. F. "Marriage Alliances, Household Composition and the Role of Kinship in Nineteenth-Century Farming." Local Population Studies, 66 (Spring 2001), pages 34-52.

Billigmeier, Robert Henry. Americans from Germany: a Study in Cultural Diversity. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1974.

Biographical History Of Crawford, Ida And Sac Counties, Iowa: Containing Portraits Of All the Presidents of the United States, With Accompanying Biographies, a Condensed History of Iowa, With Portraits and Biographies of the Governors of the State, Engravings of Prominent Citizens of the Counties, With Personal Histories of Many of the Early Settlers and Leading Families. Chicago: Lewis Publishing Company, 1893.

Biographical and Historical Memoirs of Adams, Clay, Hall and Hamilton Counties, Nebraska, Comprising a Condensed History of the State, a Number of Biographies of Distinguished Citizens of the Same, a Brief Descriptive History of Each of the Counties Mentioned, and Numerous Biographical Sketches of the Citizens of such Counties.... Chicago: Goodspeed Publishing Company, 1890.

Bogue, Allan. From Prairie to Corn Belt: Farming on the Illinois and Iowa Frontier in the Nineteenth Century. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1963.

Boone-Duden Historical Society. 1993 Cemetery Update for Femme Osage Township in St. Charles County, MO. New Melle, Missouri: Boone-Duden Historical Society, 1995.

Boone-Duden Historical Society. 45 Warren County, Missouri Cemeteries. Volume 1. New Melle, Missouri: Boone-Duden Historical Society, 1995.

Bremer, Bertha G., James M. Kirk, Joe E. Gunnerson. Centennial History of Hamilton County. Aurora, Nebraska: Hamilton County Centennial Association, 1967.

Brownstone, David M., and Irene M. Franck. Facts About American Immigration. New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 2001.

Bruns, Henrietta Geisberg. Hold Dear, As Always: Jette, a German Immigrant Life in Letters. Adolf E. Schroeder and Carla Schulz-Geisberg, editors. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 1988.

Bryan, William Smith, and Robert Rose. A History of the Pioneer Families of Missouri, with Numerous Sketches, Anecdotes, Adventures, etc., Relating to Early Days in Missouri. Also the Lives of Daniel Boone and the celebrated Indian chief Black Hawk, with Numerous Biographies and Histories of Primitive Institutions. St. Louis, Missouri: Bryan, Brand and Company, 1876.

Burnett, Robyn & Ken Luebbering. German Settlement in Missouri. New Land, Old Ways. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 1996.

Butterfield, Consul Willshire. History of La Crosse County, Wisconsin: Containing an Account of its Settlement, Growth, Development and Resources: an Extensive and Minute Sketch of its Cities, Towns and Villages - Their Improvements, Industries, Manufactories, Churches, Schools and Societies: its War Record, Biographical Sketches, Portraits of Prominent Men and Early Settlers: the whole Preceeded by a History of Wisconsin, Statistics of the State, and an Abstract of its Laws and Constitution and the Constitution of the United States. Chicago: Western Historical Company, 1881.
The German Methodist Church is covered on pages 569-570, where Rev. H. J. [sic] Fiegenbaum and Rev. H. R. Fiegenbaum are mentioned.

Clark, Charles M. The History of the Thirty-Ninth Regiment Illinois Volunteer Veteran Infantry (Yates Phalanx) in the War of the Rebellion, 1861-1865. Chicago, Illinois: Published under the auspices of the Veteran Association of the Regiment, 1889.

Cohn, Raymond L. "Mortality on Immigrant Voyages to New York, 1836-1853." Journal of Economic History, Vol. 44, no. 2 (June 1984), pages 289-300.

Colton, Joseph Hutchins, and John Calvin Smith. The Western Tourist or Emigrant's Guide Through the States of Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri, and the Territories of Wisconsin and Iowa : Being An Accurate and Concise Description of Each State, Territory, and County : Also, Describing All the Principal Stage Routes, Canals, Railroads, and the Distances Betwen the Towns : Accompanied With A Correct Map, Showing the Township Lines of the United States' Surveys, the Boundaries of Counties, Position of Villages, Etc. New York: J. H. Colton, 1847, c1839.

Conard, Howard Louis, editor. Encyclopedia of the History of Missouri: a Compendium of History and Biography for Ready Reference. 6 volumes. New York; Louisville; St. Louis: The Southern History Company, 1901.

Connelly, Owen. Napoleon's Satellite Kingdoms. New York: Free Press, 1965.

Conzen, Kathleen Neils. Immigrant Milwaukee, 1836-1860: Accommodation and Community in a Frontier City. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1976.

Conzen, Kathleen Neils. "Immigrants, Immigrant Neighborhoods, and Ethnic Identity: Historical Issues." Journal of American History, 66:3 (December 1979), pages 603-615.

Conzen, Kathleen Neils. Making Their Own America: Assimilation Theory and the German Peasant Pioneer. Annual Lecture Series, No. 3. Washington, D.C.: German Historical Institute, 1990.

Conzen, Kathleen Neils. "Peasant Pioneers: Generational Succession Among German Farmers in Frontier Missesota" in Steven Hahn and Jonathan Prude, editors, The Countryside in the Age of Capitalist Transformation: Essays in the Social History of Rural America (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press,1985); pages 259-292.

Curti, Merle, and Kendall Birr. "The Immigrant and the American Image in Europe, 1860-1914." Mississippi Valley Historical Review 37:2 (Sept. 1950), pages 203-230.

Detjen, David W. The Germans in Missouri, 1900-1918: Prohibition, Neutrality, and Assimilation. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1985.

Dinnerstein, Leonard, and David M. Reimers. Ethnic Americas; a History of Immigration and Assimilation. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1975.

Dixon, J. M., editor. Centennial History of Polk County, Iowa. Des Moines: State Regiser, 1876.

Dobbs, Hugh Jackson. History of Gage County, Nebraska: a Narrative of the Past, with Special Emphasis upon the Pioneer Period of the County's History, its Social, Commercial, Educational, Religious, and Civic Development from the Early Days to the Present Time. Lincoln, Nebraska: Western Publishing and Engraving Company, 1918.

Douglass, Paul F. Story of German Methodism: Biography of an Immigrant Soul. New York: Methodist Book Concern, 1939.

Duden, Gottfried. Report on a Journey to the Western States of North America and a Stay of Several Years Along the Missouri (During the Years 1824, '25, '26, and 1827). James W. Goodrich, editor. Columbia, Missouri: State Historical Society of Missouri and University of Missouri Press, 1980.

Dunn, David, Paul N. Crusius, Josias Friedli, et al. A History of the Evangelical and Reformed Church. Philadelphia: Christian Education Press, 1961.

Ellis, James Fernando. The Influence of the Environment on the Settlement of Missouri; Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Saint Louis University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. St. Louis, Missouri: Webster Publishing Company, 1929.

Ellsberry, Elizabeth Prather, editor. Marriage records of Audrain County, Missouri, 1836-1879. Chillicothe, Missouri: E. P. Ellsberry, [1960-1969?].

Engelsing, Rolf. Bremen als Auswandererhafen, 1683-1880. Bremen: Veröffentlichungen aus dem Staatsarchiv der Freien Hansestadt Bremen, 1961.

Filby, P. William, and Mary K. Meyer, eds. Passenger and Immigration Lists Index. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Publishing Co., 1981- .

Fischbach, Deloris, ed. Our Times: New Knoxville Sesquicentennial, 1836-1986. New Knoxville, Ohio: New Knoxville Historical Society, 1986.

Forbes, Ian L. D. "German Informal Imperialism in South America Before 1914." The Economic History Review, New Series, Vol. 31, No. 3 (Aug., 1978), pages 384-398.

Forster, Walter O. Zion on the Mississippi: the Settlement of the Saxon Lutherans in Missouri, 1839-1841. St. Louis, Missouri: Concordia Publishing House, 1953.

Frazier, Ian. Family. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1994.

Frizzell, Robert W. Independent Immigrants: A Settlement of Hanoverian Germans in Western Missouri . Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 2007.

Frizzell, Robert W. "Migration Chains to Illinois: Evidence from German-American Church Records," Journal of American Ethnic History, 7:1 (1987), pages 59-73.

Fulwider, Addison L. History of Stephenson County, Illinois: a Record of its Settlement, Organization, and Three-quarters of a Century of Progress. 2 volumes. Chicago, Illinois: S. J. Clarke Publishing Company, 1910.

Funke, Alfred. Aus Deutsch-Brasilien: Bilder aus dem Leben der Deutschen im Staate Rio Grande do Sul. Leipzig: Druck und Verlag von B. G. Teubner, 1902.

Gabaccia, Donna, editor. Seeking Common Ground: Multidisciplinary Studies Of Immigrant Women in the United States. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1992.

Garlichs, Hermann. Erinnerung an den Ehrwürdigen Hermann Garlichs, Pastor der Deutschen Evangelischen Gemeinde in Brooklyn, L. I.; gest. den 24., bestattet am 27. Juni 1865. New York: H. Ludwig, Buchdrucker, 1865.

Gasconade County Historical Society. Gasconade County Cemetery Survey. [Owensville, Missouri]: Gasconade County Historical Society, 1985.

Gasconade County Historical Society. Gasconade County History, Owensville, Missouri. Owensville, Missouri: Gasconade County Historical Society, 1979-2004. (Volume II has the title, Gasconade County, Missouri Family History Book, and has the imprint, Paducah, Kentucky: Turner Publishing Company).

Gates, Paul W. "The Homestead Law in Iowa." Agricultural History, Vol. 38, No. 2 (Apr., 1964), pages 67-78.

Gerdes, Heinrich. Geschichte des Deutschen Bauernstandes. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, 1910.

Gerlach, Russel L. Immigrants in the Ozarks: a Study in Ethic Geography. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 1976.

Gibbs, Christopher C. The Great Silent Majority: Missouri's Resistance to World War I. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 1988.

Gish, Theodore, and Richard Spuler, editors. The Eagle in the New World: German Immigration to Texas and America. College Station, Texas: Published for the Texas Committee for the Humanities by Texas A & M University Press, 1986.

Glazier, Ira, and Luigi De Rosa, editors. Migration Across Time and Nations: Population Mobility in Historical Contexts. New York: Holmes and Meier, 1986.

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History of Holt and Atchison Counties, Missouri, containing a History of These Counties, Their Cities, Towns, etc., etc., Biographical Sketches of Their Citizens, General and Local Statistics, Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, History of Missouri, Map of Holt and Atchison Counties, etc. St. Joseph, Missouri: National Historical Company, 1882.

History of Iowa County, Iowa, Containing a History of the County, Its Cities, Towns, &c., Biographical Sketches of Its Citizens, War Record of Its Volunteers in the Late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, History of the Northwest, History of Iowa, Map of Iowa County, Constitution of Iowa, Miscellaneaous Matters, &c., &c. Des Moines: Union Historical Company, Birdsall, Williams and Company, 1881.

History of Jo Daviess County, Illinois, Containing a History of the County - Its Cities, Towns, etc., a Biographical Directory of its Citizens, War Record of its Volunteers in the Late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, History fo the Northwest, History of Illinois, Map of Jo Daviess County, Constitution of the United States, Miscellaneaous Matters, etc. Chicago, Illinois: H. F. Kett & Company, 1878.

History of Kossuth, Hancock, and Winnebago Counties, Iowa: Together with Sketches of Their Cities, Villages, and Townships, Educational, Civil, Military, and Political History; Portraits of Prominent Persons, and Biographies of Representative Citizens. History of Iowa, Embracing Accounts of the Prehistoric Races, and a Brief Review of its Civil and Military History. Springfield, Illinois: Union Publishing Company, 1884.

History of Lincoln County, Missouri, From the Earliest Time to the Present: Including a Department Devoted to the Preservation of Sundry Personal, Business, Professional and Private Records, Besides a Valuable Fund of Notes, Original Observations, etc., etc. Chicago, Illinois: Goodspeed Publishing, 1888.

History of Madison County, Illinois: Illustrated: with Biographical Sketches of Many Prominent Men and Pioneers. Edwardsville, Illinois: W. R. Brink and Company, 1882.

History of Peoria County, Illinois: Containing a History of the Northwest, History of Illinois, History of the County, its Early Settlement, Growth, Development, Resources, etc., etc., a Sketch of its Cities and Towns, Their Improvements, Industries, Manufactories, Churches, Schools, etc., etc., a War Record of its Volunteers in the Late Rebellion, General and Local Statistics, Biographical Sketches, Portraits of Early Settlers and Prominent Men, Map of Peoria County, Constitution of the United States, Miscellaneous Matters, Tables, etc., etc. Chicago, Illinois: Johnson & Company, 1880.

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